ISG15 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In the GSE89632 dataset, the MASLD group showed significant expression changes in key genes such as NUSAP1, TLR7, AURKA, BRCA1, and RSAD2 compared to the healthy control group.The DM group in the GSE95849 dataset similarly showed expression differences in genes such as BRCA1, AURKA, ISG15, and NUSAP1.