Beyond cytokine production, NF-κB signaling promotes the upregulation of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, which facilitate immune cell migration into prostatic tissue [30].This persistent recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils may exacerbate localized inflammation, leading to tissue remodeling and fibrosis, which are hallmarks of chronic prostatitis pathophysiology. This evidence concerns the gene ICAM1 and chronic prostatitis.