To test these hypotheses, study design involving prospective, multicenter, 1–5 year follow-up studies, with patients stratified by CKD, diabetes mellitus and statin use, having primary endpoints such as restenosis, stroke and cardiovascular mortality, and secondary endpoints such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and intraplaque neovascularization, using multivariate adjustment and propensity score matching in statistical analysis should be encouraged, as it could help in gathering more information about clinical implications of FGF-23. The gene discussed is FGF23; the disease is diabetes mellitus.