CD40LG and autoimmune disease: Since PBC is considered as an autoimmune disease, there is high gender specificity (approximately 90% of affected individuals are female), positivity to disease-specific anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) accompanied by elevated immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration, and frequent concomitance with other autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) [1,2,3].