BM-MSC-small EVs inhibited osteoclastic activity by downregulating the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression ratio, promoted the polarization of macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression—accordingly, contributing to the inhibition of periodontal inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration in a rat model of periodontitis [167]. The gene discussed is TNFRSF11B; the disease is periodontitis.