We also found a peptide derived from the N-terminal adhesion domain of NINJ1 inhibits cancer cell growth in a p53-dependent manner [19] Interestingly, when searching for the TCGA database, we found that both NINJ1 and NINJ2 are found to be over-expressed in several types of cancer, such as breast cancer, liver cancer and head–neck squamous cell carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene NINJ1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.