In addition, high USP32 expression plays a crucial role in tumor growth, metastasis, immune infiltrates, and chemoresistance via the deubiquitination of various substrate proteins, such as Smad2, SHMT2, FDFT1, Rab7, SLC35F2, and BAG3 [10,41,42,43,44,45]. This evidence concerns the gene SHMT2 and neoplasm.