MTOR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Genetic mutations, such as those in EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF, within NSCLC cells, along with the dysregulated activation of pivotal signaling pathways encompassing PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, and Wnt cascades, propel tumor progression via multiple mechanisms [5,6].