Additionally, patients with dyslipidemia (37.48% vs. 27.66%, p = 0.013) or atherosclerosis (41.89% vs. 29.22%, p = 0.003) exhibited higher proportions of PD1+/CD8+ T cells in PBMC compared to those without these metabolic disorders (Figure 2I). Here, PDCD1 is linked to metabolic disease.