CDKN2A and melanoma: To this end, melanoma onset and progression have been associated with promoter hyper-methylation and silencing of tumor suppressor genes, including PTEN, p16/14, RASSF1A, MGMT, E-cadherin, CDKN1B/2A and ARF, among others, all of which are involved in cellular processes such as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, DNA repair and metastasis.