CHRNA4 and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: 2007; Licheri et al. 2018), but if the initial increase leads to NMDA‐R activation on DA neurons, LTP can occur (Mansvelder and McGehee, 2000). This LTP is required for learning of nicotine cues that leads to craving and anticipation of nicotine reward and is thought to be dependent on NMDA‐Rs—selective knockout of NMDA‐Rs on DA neurons of the VTA prevents nicotine CPP and is facilitated by α4 and α7 containing nAChRs (L. P. Wang et al. 2010; Ávila‐Ruiz et al. 2014). These same subunits (CHRNA4, CHRNA7) were upregulated in the striatum of the ADHD models.