However, due to the large individual differences in the expression levels of PD-L1 ligands in tumour cells of TNBC patients and the presence of PD-L1 glycosylation modifications, the response rate to PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade therapy in TNBC patients in the clinic is only about 18.5% (3, 4). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.