Urinary albumin excretion (127.05 to 104.81 μg/mg, p < 0.05), urine MCP-1/creatinine (99.38 to 89.57 ng/mmol, p < 0.05), urine TGF-β/creatinine (79 to 72.33 ng/mmol, p < 0.05), TNF-α (57.7 to 47.09 pg/mL, p < 0.05), IL-6 (44.04 to 39.88 pg/mL, p < 0.05) in vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency group. Here, TGFB1 is linked to vitamin D deficiency.