INS and polycystic ovary syndrome: Globally, while consensus on PCOS treatment remains lacking, major organizations such as the Androgen Excess and PCOS Society (AE-PCOS) and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) advocate for a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating lifestyle changes, hormonal therapies, and insulin-sensitizing agents (Azziz et al., 2006; Thessaloniki ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group, 2008).