Factors including advanced age, elevated BMI, low albumin levels, reduced lymphocyte count, increased NLR, elevated HE4, low PNI, H-NPS, lymphocyte metastasis, poor differentiation, absence of radiotherapy or targeted therapy, residual tumor post-surgery, and comorbid diabetes were all significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality (all p<0.05). Here, ALB is linked to neoplasm.