CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: A pioneering study proposed a deep learning model to predict PD-L1 expression using CT images in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, achieving AUCs of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.59-0.81) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66-0.85) in the validation and test cohorts (4).