CTLA4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors or cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have gained prominence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) study, demonstrating promising therapeutic potential (7, 8).