ERBB2 and breast carcinoma: Moreover, the landscape of targeted therapies for breast cancer is rapidly evolving, with the introduction of innovative options, including anti-HER2-ADCs, anti-HER2-TKIs, endocrine therapies, CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).22,36–39 The continuous development of novel drugs and combinational regimens has challenged existing efficacy prediction models, underscoring the need to optimize treatment strategies.