KRAS and adenoma: Acetate is one of the three major short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by microbial fermentation in the gut and is therefore abundantly available in the colon and rectum.36 Although normal acetate levels are associated with a protective function in the colon epithelium, elevated acetate levels have been associated with CRC in humans.40–42 Given the findings of this study, the microbial environment in the colon may provide favorable conditions for KRAS G12V adenoma development.