INS and childhood onset asthma: Additionally, catch-up growth has been associated with various factors such as altered insulin metabolism [30,31] and hence an increased risk of Type II diabetes [32], increased systolic blood pressure [33], increased risk of coronary heart disease [34] and an increased risk of childhood asthma [35] Various factors may modify the risk of rapid weight gain or obesity, including bottle feeding, shorter gestation age and being firstborn [36,37].