TGFB1 and gastric cancer: For example, gastric cancer-derived LPS-binding protein mediates crosstalk between primary gastric cancer cells and the intrahepatic microenvironment by promoting the secretion of TGF-β1 in intrahepatic macrophages, thereby inducing the formation of intrahepatic fibrotic PMN to promote liver metastasis of gastric cancer (Xie et al. 2023).