By quantitative PCR (qPCR), we confirmed that Il1a, Ccl2, and Ccl3 mRNAs were virtually undetected in the tumor cells but were expressed predominantly in the CD45+ hematopoietic cells and, to a lesser degree, in the VE-cadherin+GFP– endothelial cells (Figure 7A). Here, CCL2 is linked to neoplasm.