VHL and hypertensive disorder: VHL mutation rates were similar between eGFR groups (eGFR < 60 = 29% vs. eGFR > 60 = 43%, P = 0.51) and HTN history (HTN = 32% and no HTN = 50%; P = 0.32) but were significantly associated with race (B = 19% and W = 57.1%; P = 0.025; Fig. 1B), suggesting that race, but not differing frequencies of HTN and chronic kidney disease, accounts for the difference in VHL mutation frequency observed between AFR and EUR groups.