Studies have shown that helper-like cTfh subsets such as CXCR3+ (cTfh1) and CXCR3− (cTfh2 and cTfh17) cTfh cells correlate with enhanced antigen-specific antibody production, either against HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), during influenza vaccination (43), or autoimmune conditions (particularly cTfh17 cells) (41, 43, –, 46). The gene discussed is CXCR3; the disease is influenza.