To assess this, we sequenced genomic DNA extracted from HCMV-infected fibroblasts expressing shRNAs against luciferase or PCNA with expression of an empty vector or PCNA-K164R as described (Fig. 3A) and quantitated novel DNA junctions (inversions, duplications, and deletions) and SNVs (point mutations, small deletions, and insertions) arising in synthesized viral genomes compared to the parental virus stock used for infection. Here, PCNA is linked to infection.