PPARA and fatty liver disease: The mechanism through which ferulic acid (FA) activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) to prevent metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) involves the following key processes: Firstly, FA supplementation decreases the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver by promoting the breakdown of fatty acids through beta-oxidation and increasing the biosynthesis of ketone bodies, ultimately enhancing fatty acid expenditure [17,18].