TLR4 and vascular dementia: Wang’s study explored atorvastatin’s mechanism in Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting that it might help treat vascular dementia by modulating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) involvement in β-amyloid deposition-induced neuroinflammation, inhibiting microglia and astrocyte overactivation, and reducing apoptosis, which positively impacts cognitive function (43).