PTEN and cancer: In addition, there is little agreement on the origins of CA and IDC-P, other than the previously mentioned association with increased genetic instability, copy number alterations, and genetic alterations in a handful of genes, including BRCA2, TP53, RB1, PTEN, and a few others (42), but the usefulness of the BRCA2 mutation in CA/IDC-P recently has been questioned (76).