SNCA and Parkinson disease: In the latest PD-associated genetic test (PDGT) (Westenberger et al., 2024) and an observational study called PD GENEration (Cook et al., 2024), among pathogenic genes (e.g., SNCA, LRRK2, VPS35, LRP10, PRKN, PINK1, DJ1), PTEN-induced kinase1 (PINK1 – the classic single gene for PD) remained a high-risk factor for triggering PD.