PTPA and schizophrenia: In terms of neural apoptosis, HERV-W env triggers aberrant dopaminergic neuronal processes via DRD2/PP2A/AKT1/GSK3 for schizophrenia risk [144] and promotes antiviral immune response in schizophrenia through the linc01930/cGAS/STING pathway [187], resulting in neuronal apoptosis.