In summary, hyperbaric oxygen therapy significantly improves cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease AD mice, and genes such as Tgfb1, Mapk14, Bid, Atg7, and Akt1 may play an important role in autophagy process, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of HBO in the treatment of AD. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.