MTOR and endothelial dysfunction: For example, Shen’s study found that paeonol improved hyperlipidemia and autophagy in mice by regulating AMPK/mTOR pathway (Shen et al., 2024), and Choy’s study found that paeonol inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced endothelial dysfunction through AMPK/PPARdelta signaling pathway (Choy et al., 2016), and Wu’s study found that paeonol upregulates autophagy to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway (Wu et al., 2018).