The results showed that immune-related pathways: IFN-alpha response, IFN-gamma response, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling, IL-2/STAT5 signaling, allograft-rejection pathways, inflammatory response, and TNF alpha signaling-via NFKB, were remarkably enriched in a variety of tumors, especially in COAD, HNSC, LUSC and READ (Fig. 4), which indicated that NCBP2 may be involved in tumor immune microenvironment and ligand–receptor interactions between malignant tumor cells and immune cells. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and reading.