STUB1 and neoplasm: Mutational Heterogeneity and Outlier Discovery Tool 2 (Mutect2) has been found to be able to detect single nucleotide variation and insertion/deletion variation, with preliminary filtering based on sequencing depth, variant allele frequency, base quality, and other factors to improve the accuracy of detection, and is an effective tool for identifying and classifying CHIP variants (63).Alternatively, it can be identified by analysing the clonality of the mutation, as CHIP-associated mutations are usually monoclonal, whereas tumour-associated mutations are usually polyclonal (60, 64).