MAPK1 and neoplasm: Toxin microcystin from Cyanobacteria upregulated the PARP pathway to alleviate NSCLC, and anti-tumor xanthones from Garcinia nujiangensis inhibited the MAPK/ERK and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways and activated the PARP pathway to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis of ovarian cancers cells (Apopa et al., 2018; Tang et al., 2020).