Tubular Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 are the primary mediators of DKD, with TLR4 overexpression identified in the kidney tubules of DKD biopsies, which was positively linked with the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, the formation of inflammatory proteins, and the buildup of ROS [78, 80, 81]. Here, PROS1 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.