TLR5 and cancer: Flagellin, a TLIF component, is an efficacious adjuvant for therapeutic cancer vaccines23, 2534 and has immune-modulating activity in the TME.32 40 Flagellin induces TLR5 expression of dLN DCs in a positive-feedback fashion.24 33 We hypothesized that the TLIF-PTT and peritumoral FlaB-Vax would synergize in this context.