INS and diabetes mellitus: In multivariate regression models, risk factors for any DR were HbA1c>6.5% (OR=1.58, p<0.01), using insulin and antihyperglycaemic medications (OR=1.76, p<0.01), longer duration of DM and higher systolic blood pressure (OR=1.01 for each mm Hg, p<0.01).