After multi-variate analysis and stepwise elimination (P < 0.05), 13 variables including age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, hypertension, previous stroke, valvular heart disease, preoperative steroid hormones, preoperative β-blockers, preoperative mean arterial pressure, preoperative fibrinogen to albumin ratio, preoperative fasting plasma glucose, emergency surgery, surgery type and surgery length were screened as independent risk factors and incorporated to construct the final prediction model. Here, ALB is linked to Hypertension.