PD-L1 blockade and TGF-β inhibition with BA in HPV-associated cancers led to ORR 30.5% in ICB-naïve patients, ORR 10%, mOS 3.4 months in ICB-resistant patients, and ORR 21.9% in ICB-naïve patients with cervical cancer [22, 30]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.