G6PD and hepatocellular carcinoma: Further analysis in liver cancer cell lines (HepG2, Huh7, and MHCC97H) revealed significantly higher G6PD mRNA and protein expression in cancer cells compared to the normal liver cell line L02 by western blot assays (Figure S2F–G), suggesting that G6PD overexpression contributes to the metabolic alterations characteristic of HCC cells.