The rationale for the CANOPY clinical trial program was based on preclinical data showing IL-1β as a key mediator of tumor-associated inflammation that promotes the development of NSCLC, together with the observed data from the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) looking at cardiovascular events, in which post hoc analyses showed that the use of canakinumab was associated with a dose-dependent reduction in lung cancer incidence and mortality (17). Here, IL1B is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.