Single-cell RNA-seq, profiling of solid tumor samples, including NSCLC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and microsatellite stable colorectal cancer samples, has shown that the IL-1β receptor is expressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts, suggesting that IL-1β blockade may modulate the activity of these immunosuppressive cells (37, 39–41). Here, IL1B is linked to cancer.