Several small-scale studies have denoted the involvement of IL-36 cytokines in allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in which increased IL-36α, IL-36β, and/or IL-36γ mRNA expression and protein levels were associated with disease severity.23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 Additionally, IL-36 mRNA expression in nasal tissues has been correlated with eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis.28 The gene discussed is IL36B; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.