Studies have revealed abnormal expression patterns of m5C methyltransferases, including NSUN2 and NSUN6, as well as m5C-binding proteins like YBX1 and ALYREF, in cancers such as esophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. This evidence concerns the gene YBX1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.