Although no significant differences were observed between the IFN-α lupus phenotype groups regarding glucocorticoid use and dose, DMARD use, anxiety and depressive scores, or a history of antiphospholipid antibodies, these and other factors may still subtly influence the demonstrated association with cognitive outcomes, albeit the lack of differences of these clinical characteristics between the two groups supports model comparability. Here, IFNA2 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.