In the latter cases, the advantage of next-generation IHC over traditional molecular assays is highlighted, as BRAF V600E IHC enabled the precise identification and demarcation of molecularly discordant PTCs (Fig. 1C and D) and distinguished their corresponding lymph node metastasis (Fig. 1E and F) [13]. Here, BRAF is linked to metastatic malignant neoplasm in the lymph nodes.