Further, T2D RBC-EVs significantly increased mRNA levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in HCtAECs at 24 hours but not at 8 hours (Figure 7, E and F), whereas NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) expression was unchanged (Supplemental Figure 11, A and B). Here, NOX4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.