CXCL12 and cancer: In pancreatic cancer cells, these nanoparticles stimulated the NF‐κB/SDF‐1α axis, leading to the activation of the AKT‐related cell survival pathway through the binding of the secreted chemokine SDF‐1α to its receptor CXCR4 at the cell surface, which is crucial for cancer progression [41, 128].