ACTA2 and familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection: FTAAD is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, with mutations in genes encoding components of the extracellular matrix, such as FBN1 (fibrillin-1), TGFBR1 (transforming growth factor beta receptor 1), TGFBR2 (transforming growth factor beta receptor 2), ACTA2 (alpha-actin 2), MYH11 (myosin heavy chain 11), and others[51].