The GBP5, C1QC, C1QA, C1QB, CMKLR1, CXCR2P1, GM2A, CXCL11, and IL32 genes play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including immune response, inflammation, and cancer (34, 35, 40, 41, 49–51). This evidence concerns the gene C1QA and cancer.